{"id":263,"date":"2022-03-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fenchurchlaw.hostingsystems.co.uk\/uk\/blog\/2022\/03\/08\/even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig\/"},"modified":"2024-08-21T16:41:25","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T15:41:25","slug":"even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fenchurchlaw.com\/en-uk\/even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig\/","title":{"rendered":"Even a Solicitors\u2019 PI policy has its limits &#8211; Doorway Capital Limited v AIG"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In this recent decision, the High Court considered whether a liability incurred by a solicitor under a factoring agreement was covered by its professional indemnity policy. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Background<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2016, Doorway Capital Limited (\u201cDoorway\u201d) entered into a Receivable Funding Agreement (\u201cthe Agreement\u201d) with Seth Lovis &amp; Co Solicitors Ltd (\u201cthe Solicitors\u201d). The relevant terms of the agreement were as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Doorway would provide funding to the Solicitors for use as working capital and to repay certain of their debts.<\/li>\n<li>The Solicitors would sell to Doorway its \u201cReceivables\u201d i.e., the Solicitors\u2019 trading debts, together with the right to pursue those debts.<\/li>\n<li>the Solicitors would be appointed as Doorway\u2019s agents to collect the Receivables.<\/li>\n<li>On receipt, the Solicitors would hold the Receivables in their client account on trust for Doorway, before paying the sums over to Doorway\u2019s nominated account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Doorway claimed that the Solicitors collected c. \u00a32m worth of Receivables between 2017 and 2018 but in breach of the Agreement, only paid over a small portion of them. Doorway also asserted that the Solicitors breached fiduciary duties owed to Doorway.<\/p>\n<p>As the Solicitors had entered into administration, Doorway claimed directly against the Solicitors\u2019 professional indemnity insurers, AIG, under the Third Parties (Rights Against Insurers) Act 2010.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>The Application<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AIG applied for summary judgment, arguing that Doorway\u2019s claim had no prospects of success. For the purposes of the application, AIG did not dispute that the Solicitors had breached the Agreement nor that they had breached fiduciary duties owed to Doorway.<\/p>\n<p>There were two principal issues for the Court to decide:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Did the liability that the Solicitors incurred to Doorway fall within the insuring clause of the policy (\u201cthe Policy\u201d)?<\/li>\n<li>If so, did the \u2018Debts and Trading Liabilities\u2019 exclusion (\u201cthe Exclusion\u201d) nevertheless apply?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><u>The insuring clause<\/u><\/p>\n<p>The insuring clause indemnified the Solicitors against <em>\u201c\u2026 civil liability to the extent that it arises from Private Legal Practice in connection with the Firm\u2019s Practice.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPrivate Legal Practice\u201d was defined as meaning <em>\u201cthe provision of services in Private Practice as a solicitor \u2026 including, without limitation \u2026 (c) any Insured acting as a personal representative, trustee, attorney, notary, insolvency practitioner, or in any other role in conjunction with a Practice.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Doorway argued that the Solicitors\u2019 services fell within the definition of \u201cPrivate Legal Practice.\u201d In particular, it said that acting as a trustee, without more, was sufficient. It also argued that (i) the Solicitors exercised <em>\u201cprofessional judgment in relation to the assessment of obligations which would arise in the course of the solicitor\u2019s practice\u201d<\/em>, because they were required to determine whether, as a matter of law, a Receivable was payable to Doorway; and (ii) the holding of monies in their client account showed that they were providing a service in private practice.<\/p>\n<p>The Judge, Mr Justice Butcher, paid short shrift to Doorway\u2019s arguments. Any liabilities that the Solicitors owed to Doorway derived from Agreement alone; the fact that the Solicitors were holding monies on trust was merely <em>\u201ca part of the mechanism\u201d<\/em> of fulfilling their obligations under the Agreement. The Judge came to the same conclusion in respect of the Solicitors\u2019 use of \u201clegal judgment\u201d to recover the Receivables, as well as the use of their client account \u2013 neither were for the provision of services in private practice as a solicitor.<\/p>\n<p>In the circumstances, the liabilities incurred by the Solicitors did not arise from Private Legal practice, and were therefore not covered by the insuring clause. Accordingly, AIG\u2019s application for summary judgment succeeded.<\/p>\n<p><u>The Exclusion<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Although it was not necessary for the Judge to decide this given his findings on the insuring clause, the Judge nevertheless also expressed a view on the applicability of the Exclusion.<\/p>\n<p>The Exclusion stated: <em>\u201cThe Insurer will have no liability to indemnify an insured in relation to any \u2026 legal liability assumed or accepted by an Insured under any contract or agreement for the supply to, or use by, the Insured of goods or services in the course of the Insured Firm\u2019s Practice.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p>In considering this issue, the Judge referred to the Supreme Court decision in <em>Impact Funding Solutions Limited v AIG Europe Insurance Ltd<\/em> [2016] UKSC 57. As with the present case, <em><u>Impact Funding<\/u><\/em> concerned a commercial agreement between a firm of solicitors and a third-party funder, and required to court to decide whether services conducted in connection with that agreement were covered (or, in the circumstances, excluded) under the solicitor\u2019s PI policy. The policy contained an exclusion for <em>\u201cbreach by any Insured of terms of any contract or arrangement for the supply to, or use by, any Insured of goods or services in the course of providing legal services.\u201d <\/em>By a majority of 4 to 1, the Supreme Court found that the exclusion applied. Of particular relevance, Lord Toulson said that the commercial agreement <em>\u201cdid not resemble a solicitor\u2019s professional undertaking as ordinarily understood, and it falls aptly within the description of a \u201ctrading liability\u201d which the minimum terms were not intended to cover.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Therefore, by analogy with <em><u>Impact Funding<\/u><\/em>, the liability incurred by the Solicitors to Doorway was not the type of liability which would be covered by a solicitors\u2019 PI policy. Therefore, had he been required to do so, the Judge would have found that the Exclusion applied.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Conclusion <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The case is confirmation that not every service provided by a solicitor will be covered by its professional indemnity policy. In any case, one has to look at the substance of the service being provided; merely acting as a trustee or using a client account, for example, will not necessarily be enough.<\/p>\n<p>As to the Exclusion, although the Judge\u2019s comments were <em>obiter<\/em>, it is difficult to see how the issue could have been decided any other way in light of <em><u>Impact Funding<\/u>.<\/em> As with that case, the meaning and effect of the Exclusion were clear, and the Judge had no doubt that it applied.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fenchurchlaw.co.uk\/people\/alex-rosenfield\/\">Alex Rosenfield<\/a> is a Senior Associate at Fenchurch Law<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this recent decision, the High Court considered whether a liability incurred by a solicitor under a factoring agreement was [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[271],"class_list":["post-263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-professional-risks"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Even a Solicitors\u2019 PI policy has its limits - Doorway Capital Limited v AIG - Fenchurch Law UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fenchurchlaw.com\/en-uk\/even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Even a Solicitors\u2019 PI policy has its limits - Doorway Capital Limited v AIG - Fenchurch Law UK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this recent decision, the High Court considered whether a liability incurred by a solicitor under a factoring agreement was [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fenchurchlaw.com\/en-uk\/even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fenchurch Law UK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-08T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-21T15:41:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fenchurchlaw.com\/en-uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/shutterstock_1209757660-scaled-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1706\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alex Rosenfield\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alex Rosenfield\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fenchurchlaw.com\\\/en-uk\\\/even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fenchurchlaw.com\\\/en-uk\\\/even-a-solicitors-pi-policy-has-its-limits-doorway-capital-limited-v-aig\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alex Rosenfield\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fenchurchlaw.com\\\/en-uk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2e99871d3273d4e2e8c6ada19ba50a91\"},\"headline\":\"Even a Solicitors\u2019 PI policy has its limits &#8211; 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